Rabu, Oktober 14, 2009

Indian Ocean nations test tsunami warning system

By DENIS D. GRAY, Associated Press Writer

BANGKOK – Sirens blared, parents grabbed their children and hundreds ran to emergency shelters in Indonesia as countries bordering the Indian Ocean conducted a test Wednesday of a warning system set up after the devastating 2004 tsunami.

But at least one survivor was too paralyzed by memories of the killer wave to take part in mock evacuations off Aceh, Indonesia.

"What is this all for? My chest has gone tight and I am shaking," said Hamiyah, a 58-year-old woman who lost her in-laws, four children and five grandchildren in 2004.Planned for 18 countries, the drill was intended to simulate a tsunami similar to the one sparked by the 9.2 magnitude quake off Indonesia five years ago, the United Nations said in a statement.

That quake generated waves that eradicated entire coastal communities, killing some 230,000 people in one of the worst natural disasters of modern times.

"When the siren sounded, I immediately thought of my child, grabbed her and ran," said Bakhtiar, 50, who lives in the village of Gampong Pie, along the Indonesian coastline in Aceh province.

In Aceh's Ulee Lheue village, which was all but wiped out by the tsunami, about 200 residents gathered at a mosque after an explosion was sounded from loudspeakers that was meant to signal an earthquake.

Around ten minutes later a siren blared out, starting the drill.

But Hamiyah refused to take part, breaking down and staying at home, rebuilt after the disaster, with her two surviving children.

"It reminds me of the past and makes me really sad. Please stop reminding us," she said, sobbing, as people ran for quake-proof emergency shelters, some carrying the "wounded," as a voice over mosque loudspeakers urged people not to panic.

"We want to send the message to the world that we continue to improve our disaster mitigation skills," said Aceh Vice Governor Muhammad Nazar.

Dubbed "Exercise Indian Ocean Wave 09," the drill was the first comprehensive test and evaluation of the warning system put in place after the 2004 disaster, said the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO.

It comes two weeks after a tsunami smashed into the Pacific islands of Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga, killing at least 183 people.

In Thailand, where more than 5,000 Thais and foreign tourists perished, no evacuation drill was planned but its National Disaster Warning Center was responding to the dummy telegrams, faxes and e-mails being sent out by the Hawaii-based Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, said Capt. Saran Thappasook.

In Myanmar, officials were to relay the warnings to tsunami-prone areas, said Thein Tun, director general of the Meteorological Department, while in Malayia 1,200 villagers on the northern resort island of Langkawi were directed to higher ground as firefighting trucks and ambulances ferried the elderly and pregnant women.

But in Sri Lanka's southern coastal village of Godawaya, a tsunami warning tower failed to emit a siren. Local fishermen who had stayed home to take part waited for a few hours and decided to go to work.

Later, officials manning the tower went around the village announcing a "tsunami threat" through loudspeakers and calling on residents to quickly move to a Buddhist temple on higher ground. Women who were at home gathered at the temple.

Air Force SGT M.G.A. Nandana declared the drill was still a success since they an alternative warning method was found in case the warning tower failed.

Ray Canterford, an official at Australia's Bureau of Meteorology, said ahead of the exercise that the Hawaii-based center would issue an earthquake alert to trigger the drill.

In Australia, the bureau would use the earthquake data from the tsunami warning center to calculate the size of any tsunami wave and estimate the time it will take to hit the Australian coast.

None of the warnings would go public, and no evacuations were planned in Australia, Canterford said.

Australia was not affected by the 2004 disaster, but is playing a role in the regional system to improve response times and international coordination. Australia has a network of wave height sensors along its coastline, and two deep sea sensors in waters between Australia's northwest and Indonesia, where some 130,000 were killed.

Under the system, Australia, Indonesia and India swap data on a tsunami threat, and Wednesday's drill will test how efficiently messages are sent among those countries, Canterford said.

"It's a real time event," Canterford said. "We believe that all or most of the countries in the Indian Ocean are a lot better prepared now than they were in 2004."

UNESCO said Wednesday's exercise would allow Indian Ocean countries to test their communications, review their emergency procedures and identify any weaknesses.

___

Associated Press writers Fakhrurradzie Gade in Ulee Lheue, Indonesia, and Ambika Ahuja in Bangkok contributed to this report.

Membangkitkan Trauma Tsunami

Oleh FAKHRURRADZIE GADE

DI tembok bekas pagar, Hamiyah bersandar. Tangan dan bibirnya terlihat bergetar. Pandangan ia arahkan ke sejumlah orang yang lari sambil berteriak histeris. Di depannnya, dari arah laut puluhan orang berlari ke arah gedung penyelamatan di kantor Pusat Riset Mitigasi Bencana dan Tsunami --yang terpaut sekira 300 meter dari posisi Hamiyah.

"Tujuannya apa dibuat acara seperti ini?" tanya Hamiyah kepada seorang pemuda yang mendekatinya.Hamiyah sadar, puluhan orang berlari sambil berteriak histeris adalah mereka yang terlibat dalam simulasi penyelamatan diri saat tsunami menerjang. Tapi, Hamiyah tidak ingin mengikuti simulasi tersebut.

Sejak pagi, Hamiyah mengurung diri di rumah. Ia tidak ingin melihat simulasi, yang membuatnya terkenang peristiwa Desember 2004 silam. Tsunami yang menghancurkan Aceh lima tahun silam itu, menyebabkan Hamiyah harus kehilangan 12 anggota keluarganya.

Hamiyah mengaku masih trauma. "Buat apa diingat-ingat kejadian dulu," kata Hamiyah.

Bagi Hamiyah, peristiwa tragis yang melumat 12 anggota keluarganya itu telah menjadi lembar kelam. "Saya sedih kalau mengingat kejadian itu," ujarnya.

Saat mendengar bunyi raungan sirine yang dibunyikan Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika Banda Aceh, perempuan berusia 58 tahun itu, langsung terkejut. "Dada saya sesak," ujarnya. Tangan kirinya mengusap-usap dada. Terlihat nada gemetar di tangan dan bibirnya.

Matanya juga terlihat berkaca-kaca.

Tsunami telah menyebabkan Hamiyah kehilangan keluarga dan rumah. Bencana tsunami yang menghancurkan kampungnya, menyebabkan empat anak, lima cucu, dan tiga menantunya meninggal. Hamiyah sendiri sempat terseret arus.

"Jari kelingking saya putus," ia menunjuk tangan kirinya, yang tanpa kelingking.

Bagi Hamiyah, simulasi yang digelar ini tidak terlalu berguna. "Lihat anak-anak itu, mereka berlari-lari sambil ketawa-ketawa," ujar warga Desa Ulee Lheue, Kecamatan Meuraxa, Banda Aceh, itu. "Mereka ria."

Hamiyah mengaku, jika bencana kembali datang, ia akan lari menyelamatkan diri ke masjid. "Tapi, kalau ada bencana, kapan kita mau lari. Dulu setelah gempa, kami melihat air laut kering. Tapi tidak ada yang suruh lari, karena tidak ada yang kasih tahu," kata Hamiyah yang mengaku tinggal bersama dua anaknya yang selamat dari humbalang tsunami tersebut.

***

Pukul 08.00 WIB. Satu ledakan keras terdengar dari arah laut. Berselang beberapa detik kemudian, ledakan keras kembali terdengar. Dari pengeras suara masjid, seorang lelaki mengabarkan bahwa telah terjadi gempa besar. Warga diminta tidak panik.

"Mari sama-sama kita berdoa dan berzikir kepada Allah. Masyarakat diharap tenang, jangan panik," suara dari pengeras suara masjid.

Peringatan itu disuarakan berulang kali. Puluhan perempuan dan lelaki -- yang membawa anak-anak balita-- berkumpul di pekarangan masjid. Sebelumnya, mereka sedang berkumpul di dalam masjid.

Sepuluh menit kemudian, raungan sirine memecahkan kesunyian. Warga diminta untuk menyelamatkan diri ke gedung penyelamatan yang berjarak sekitar 300 meter dari masjid. Lokasi penyelamatan berada di atas atap gedung Pusat Riset Tsunami dan Mitigasi Bencana.

Dari arah laut, puluhan warga juga berlarian. Mereka berteriak tsunami. Kepanikan jelas diperlihatkan oleh peserta simulasi.

Kepanikan bertambah, saat ambulans membunyikan sirenenya. Petugas medis dengan sigap mengevakuasi beberapa orang yang mengalami luka akibat gempa. Mobil polisi juga siaga. Mereka mengangkut warga ke gedung penyelamatan.

Menteri Riset dan Teknologi Kusmayanto Kadiman, mengatakan, simulasi ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesiapan sistem dan kesiagaan bencana. “Skenarionya sudah berjalan,” katanya di Banda Aceh, Rabu (14/10).

Ini kali kedua simulasi tsunami dibuat di Aceh, setelah pada 2 November 2008. Pada simulasi kali ini, Kusmayanto magatakan, kesiapan system evakuasi bencana di Indonesia, khususnya Aceh mengalami kemajuan, dibanding sebelumnya. “Setelah kita uji coba, sistemnya jalan semua, komunikasi juga lancar,” ujarnya.

Wakil Gubernur Muhammad Nazar menambahkan, simulasi kali ini berjalan sesuai Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP). “Hanya beberapa komunikasi radio yang kurang berjalan saat kita coba dan ini akan kita perbaiki,” tuturnya.

***

Bagi Bakhtiar, warga Desa Gampong Pie, Kecamatan Meuraxa, simulasi tsunami yang digelar pemerintah ini sangat berguna. "Ini bisa membuat kita belajar dan mengetahui cara menyelamatkan diri saat ada bencana dan tsunami," kata Bakhtiar, saat ditemui di atas gedung penyelamatan tsunami. Saat mengikuti simulasi, Bakhtiar memboyong anak perempuannya.

Saat tsunami 2004 silam, Bakhtiar sedang berjualan di pasar, di Kota Banda Aceh. Sementara istri dan anaknya berada di rumah. Beruntung, tidak ada keluarga intinya yang menjadi korban dalam gelombang gergasi tersebut.

"Waktu bunyi sirene tadi, saya langsung teringat anak saya ini," kata Bakhtiar. "Saya lalu mengambilnya dan langsung bersama warga berlari ke sini."

Lain lagi pendapat Sri Mulyani. Warga Desa Ulee Lheue ini menilai simulasi yang digelar ini tak banyak berguna. "Kalau ada tsunami, secara spontan saya akan berlari mencari tempat tinggi. Tidak mesti saya harus berlari ke gedung penyelamatan. Saya akan mengikuti naluri saya," kata perempuan 39 tahun ini.

Mulyani mengaku sempat terseret arus tsunami. Anaknya yang berusia lima tahun terlepas dari genggaman suaminya. Sampai kini, anaknya itu tak ditemukan. Mulyani selamat setelah berhasil mencapai lantai dua Rumah Sakit Umum Meuraxa, yang juga rusak parah.

"Kita tidak mau tsunami terulang lagi. Cukup membuat saya trauma," kata Mulyani. []

 
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